Senin, 01 Mei 2017

Softskil Bahasa Inggris2 | MARKETING ARTICLE & CONDITIONAL SENTENCES



MARKETING ARTICLE
&
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES








ARRANGED BY :

INDAH NOVIA LESTARI

1EA26 / 13216493


BAHASA INGGRIS 2 SOFTSKIL
MUH. KHOLIQ



UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
ATA 2016/2017

The Best Marketing Strategy Isn't Even Really Marketing At All

Marketing is all about making your brand (and your products) more visible to a wider audience. For decades, it referred to a series of intensive, action-based, outbound tactics designed to grab new consumers’ attentions. Advertising was almost synonymous with marketing, and marketers constantly searched for new ways to go out and grab new customers.
Many of these tactics, such as direct mail marketing, TV ads, and radio spots can still be effective, but the best marketing strategy today isn’t even really marketing at all. Instead of focusing on reaching out to buyers, it’s about letting buyers come to you, while maximizing their ability to do so—a reversal of the natural order that both brands and consumers can find acceptable.
So why has modern marketing deviated so far from the traditional model, and how can you take advantage of this?

Modern Distrust of Corporations and Advertising
First, you have to understand the average consumer’s distrust of corporations and advertising. Today’s buyers have seen major corporations coax the onset of a full-fledged financial crisis and spark a major outcry against income inequality. Consumers are also bombarded with more advertisements than ever before, all of which are intended to get people to buy something. As a result, they’ve developed a healthy distrust of corporate brands and advertising in general. They feel that modern corporations are faceless, and have ulterior motives that prevent them from doing what’s actually in the consumer’s best interest. As a result, the return on traditional marketing and advertising strategies has declined.

Self-Motivated Buyers
Today’s consumers also have access to more information than ever before. One quick Google search can tell you everything you need to know about the products you’re looking for, the brands that offer them, and even what considerations you should bear in mind before finalizing a decision. Because of this, more than 81 percent of consumers conduct online research before buying anything. This simultaneously weakens the traditional model of marketing and advertising (because users are finding this information themselves) and strengthens the new, inbound approach.





First Conditional

The first conditional is very similar in structure to the zero conditional. We still use if plus the present simple to create the condition, except that we now use the future simple tense (will + bare infinitive) to describe a probable result of the condition.
Thus, the structure is: “If + present simple tense, will + infinitive.”
For example:
  • If I see him, I will tell him.”
  • If I win the lottery, I will buy a new house.”

Second Conditional

We use the second conditional to speak about a hypothetical situation or outcome resulting from the condition. Unlike the first conditional, we use the second conditional to talk about things that cannot or are unlikely to happen. To create the second conditional, we use the past simple tense after the if clause, followed by would + the bare infinitive for the result of the condition. In addition to would (which we use to describe something we would definitely do), we can also use could for what we would be able to do, as well as might for what it is possible (but unlikely) we would do.
For example:
  • “If I went to London, I would visit Trafalgar Square.”
  • “If I won the lottery, I could buy a new house.”
  • “If you had a phone, you could call me every day.”
  • “If I was/were* older, I might stay up all night long.”

Third Conditional

Third conditionals are used to establish a hypothetical situation in the past, followed by a hypothetical outcome that did not really happen—typically, the outcome is the opposite of what actually happened.
To form the third conditional, we use the past perfect tense for the if conditional clause, and would have + the past participle of the verb for the hypothetical outcome.
(As with the second conditional, we can also use could or might instead of would. Additionally, we can use should have + the past participle to describe an outcome that ought to have happened.)
For example:
  • “If I had been more prepared, I would have passed that test.”




Softskil Bahasa Inggris2 | BUSINESS COMMUNICATION AND PASSIVE ACTIVE VOICE



BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
AND
PASSIVE ACTIVE VOICE






ARRANGED BY :


INDAH NOVIA LESTARI

13216493

1EA26


BAHASA INGGRIS 2 SOFTSKILL

MUH. KHOLIQ




UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
ATA 2016/2017





BUSINESS COMMUNICATION ARTICLE

Communication is neither the transmission of a message nor the message itself. It is the mutual exchange of understanding, originating with the receiver. Communication needs to be effective in business. Communication is the essence of management. The basic functions of management (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling) cannot be performed well without effective communication.
Business communication involves constant flow of information. Feedback is integral part of business communication. Organizations these days are verly large and involve large number of people. There are various levels of hierarchy in an organization. Greater the number of levels, the more difficult is the job of managing the organization. Communication here plays a very important role in process of directing and controlling the people in the oragnization. Immediate feedback can be obtained and misunderstandings if any can be avoided. There should be effective communication between superiors and subordinated in an organization, between organization and society at large (for example between management and trade unions). It is essential for success and growth of an organization. Communication gaps should not occur in any organization.
Business Communication is goal oriented. The rules, regulations and policies of a company have to be communicated to people within and outside the organization. Business Communication is regulated by certain rules and norms. In early times, business communication was limited to paper-work, telephone calls etc. But now with advent of technology, we have cell phones, video conferencing, emails, satellite communication to support business communication. Effective business communication helps in building goodwill of an organization.
Business Communication can be of two types:
  1. Oral Communication - An oral communication can be formal or informal. Generally business communication is a formal means of communication, like : meetings, interviews, group discussion, speeches etc. An example of Informal business communication would be - Grapevine.
  2. Written Communication - Written means of business communication includes - agenda, reports, manuals etc.






ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

What Is Active Voice?
I'll start with active voice because it's simpler. In an active sentence, the subject is doing the action. A straightforward example is the sentence "Steve loves Amy." Steve is the subject, and he is doing the action: he loves Amy, the object of the sentence.
Another example is the title of the Marvin Gaye song “I Heard It through the Grapevine.” "I" is the subject, the one who is doing the action. "I" is hearing "it," the object of the sentence.
What Is Passive Voice?
In passive voice, the target of the action gets promoted to the subject position. Instead of saying, "Steve loves Amy," I would say, "Amy is loved by Steve." The subject of the sentence becomes Amy, but she isn't doing anything. Rather, she is just the recipient of Steve's love. The focus of the sentence has changed from Steve to Amy.

Active Voice

In active voice, the subject performs the action expressed by the verb:
  • The student wrote a song.

Passive Voice

In passive voice, the subject receives the action expressed by the verb:
  • A song was written by the student.

Forming Tenses of Passive Verbs

The passive voice always consists of two parts: a form of the verb "to be" + past participle:
Tense
Passive voice form
Present
it is cleaned
Past
it was cleaned
Future
it will be cleaned
Present perfect
it has been cleaned
Past perfect
it had been cleaned
Future perfect
it will have been cleaned

Uses of Passive Voice

Use the passive voice to:
  • Call attention to receiver of the action rather than the performer:
    • The professor was hit by three snowballs.
  • Point out the receiver of the action when performer is unknown or unimportant:
    • A love letter was slipped under the door.
    • The signs will be posted.
  • Avoid calling attention to the performer of the action (known as the "institutional passive"):
    • The fines will be collected on Monday.

Active and Passive Voice in Writing

The choice between using the active or passive voice in writing is a matter of style, not correctness. However, most handbooks recommend using active voice, which they describe as more natural, direct, lively, and succinct. The passive voice is considered wordy and weak (except when used in cases above). Examine the following examples.
  • weak, passive: The skater was slammed into the wall by Maria.
  • strong, active: Maria slammed the skater into the wall.
  • weak, passive: The book was enjoyed by me because the events of her childhood were described so well by the author.
  • strong, active: I enjoyed the book because the author described the events of her childhood so well.

Hints for Identifying the Passive Voice

  • An active verb may or may not have a direct object, but the passive verb almost never does.
    • "It is...That" construction (It is clear that... It is noted...)
  • Use of the verbs To Be, Make, or Have
    • Passive: Your exits should be made quickly.
    • Active: Leave quickly.
  • Endings that turn verbs into abstract nouns: -ion,-ing,-ment:
    • Passive: When application of force is used, the lid will open.
    • Active: Apply force to open the lid.


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